摘要
近年来,随着经济的快速发展,我国城市道路与高速公路的总里程数迅速增加。如何快速高效地实现对城市道路和高速公路的养护是交通运输管理部门当前所面临的突出问题。在我国的北方地区,每年都有数月的雨雪天气,特别是近两年来我国北方很多地区普降大雪,造成大雪封路,不仅给交通运输和人们的日常生活带来了诸多不便,而且严重威胁行车安全,路面积雪带来的最为直接的影响就是路面摩擦系数的急剧减小,当路面摩擦系数降低至0.3以下时,事故发生的概率将会倍增。因此,发展路面除雪技术对于保障冬季道路畅通和行车安全具有重要意义。
本设计为犁式除雪车机构的设计,根据设计任务及现场环境的要求,通过查阅大量的相关资料,逐步完成本设计工作。主要包括以下方面:
阐明犁式除机构的工作原理,制定出合理的设计方案,旨在设计适用于国内环境的通用除雪机构。对我国降雪较多地区进行调查,并确定最高降雪量。计算分析受力情况,对犁刀的结构进行合理设计。利用CAD软件绘制犁刀结构相关图纸。
关键词:降雪量,受力分析,液压系统,犁刀,前雪铲
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the total length of urban roads and highways in China increased rapidly to perish quickly and efficiently realize the maintenance of urban roads and highways is in transportation management department before the I division in China's northern region. Months of rain and snow from year to year, especially in north China in the past two years, many parts of the cosmic of the heavy snow caused the snow road, not only for the transportation and People's Daily life has brought a lot of ni and serious qi road safety, road snow is the most direct impact of road surface friction coefficient decreases sharply, when the road surface friction coefficient reduced to less than 0.3, the probability of accidents will be raised. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop the technology of removing passengers from roads to ensure the unimpeded roads and traffic safety in winter.
This design is the design of the type snow removal vehicle mechanism. According to the design task and the requirements of the site environment, the design work is completed step by step by referring to a large number of relevant materials. It mainly includes the following aspects:
The working principle of the type removal mechanism is expounded, and a reasonable design scheme is worked out to design a general purpose snow removal mechanism suitable for domestic environment. A survey was conducted on areas with heavy snowfall in China and the highest snowfall was determined. The force is calculated and analyzed, and the structure of the plow tool is designed reasonably. Use CAD software to draw related drawings of plough tool structure.
Key words:Snow fall, force analysis, hydraulic system, plough blade, front snow shovel
目 录
第1章 绪论
1.1概述
除雪车是用于扫除道路、铁轨、机场等场所积雪的专用车辆,除雪车是由机动车推送,借助专用的除雪转职,将积雪推向线路一侧或两侧,从而保证积雪的顺利清除。除雪车按照除雪原理可大致分为犁板式、旋切式、扫滚式三类,其中犁式除雪车主要以犁刀为除雪装置进行积雪扫除。除此以外,也有使用化学、物理手段降低积雪硬度、融点等方法的清雪装置。
第2章 犁式除雪机构的总体方案设计
2.1 犁式除雪机的典型结构和特点
除雪机械通常由除雪装置和动力车组成,除雪装置因其不同的除雪原理具有不同的结构形式,但总体而言,可以分为以下四个部分:推雪机构、抛雪机构、越障机构以及支架机构,本章重点分析犁式除雪机的典型结构和特点。
2.2 抛雪机构
犁式除雪机构推抛雪机构为犁式除雪板,又称为犁刀,通常被安装在动力车的前端、中部或侧部,主要实现抛雪的功能,是目前除雪板式除雪机构中除雪效是最好的形式,除雪作业时犁式除雪机常以直线行驶为主,最大行驶速度可达50Km/h以上,因而除雪效率极高。按照犁刀不同结构形式可分为单向犁刀、V型犁刀以及复合式犁刀。
单向犁刀的结构主要包括犁板和铲刃两部分,该犁刀常被安装于除雪机的前端,故常被称之为前雪铲,主要用于新降积雪的清除,在一定的除雪速度下,新降积雪会沿犁刀的内表面上升,从犁刀的上端抛出,该结构在最优的工作参数下,可以获得极佳的除雪效果。但该机构只能实现单向的排雪功能,因而更适用于高速公路路面积雪的清除。
V型犁刀是在单向犁刀的基础上发展而来的。该犁刀工作原理与单向犁刀基本相同,在除雪过程中,可以同时向两边抛雪,但除雪速度比单向犁刀偏低,该类除雪板常被用于厚积雪层和一定程度的压实雪层的清除。...................